The Cowlitz Indian Tribe stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the Northwest Coast Salish peoples. As a federally recognized tribe in Southwestern Washington state, the Cowlitz people have a rich history, a vibrant culture, and a commitment to preserving their heritage for future generations. This article delves into the multifaceted aspects of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe, exploring their history, traditions, governance, and contemporary life.
A People of the Pacific Northwest: Traditional Territories and Origins
The Cowlitz Indian Tribe’s ancestral lands lie within the lush landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, specifically in Southwestern Washington. Historically, their presence was deeply rooted along the Cowlitz and Lewis Rivers, waterways that served as vital arteries for transportation, sustenance, and cultural exchange. The tribe also maintained a significant presence at Fort Vancouver, a major trading post during the fur trade era.
The name "Cowlitz" itself echoes through the generations, carrying the weight of tradition and identity. The Upper Cowlitz were known as Taidnapam, while the Lower Cowlitz were called Kwalhiokwa. These names reflect the distinct geographical and linguistic divisions within the tribe. The Upper Cowlitz, residing east of the Cascade Mountains, spoke a dialect of Yakama, a Sahaptin language, while the Lower Cowlitz, located closer to the coast, spoke the Cowlitz language, a part of the Salish language family.
Recognition and Governance: Navigating the Modern Era
The Cowlitz Indian Tribe achieved federal recognition, solidifying their sovereignty and opening avenues for self-governance and resource management. Their official tribal headquarters are located in Longview, Washington, a central hub for administrative and community activities.
The tribe’s governance structure is comprised of a Tribal Council, consisting of 16 members along with executive officers. These executive officers include the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, and Treasurer, each playing a crucial role in guiding the tribe’s affairs. This governing body is responsible for making decisions that impact the lives of tribal members, from healthcare and education to economic development and cultural preservation.
In 2010, the Cowlitz Reservation was established near La Center, in Clark County, Washington. This marked a significant milestone in the tribe’s history, providing a designated land base for housing, cultural activities, and economic ventures.
Language and Culture: Preserving a Living Heritage
The preservation of language is a central focus for the Cowlitz Indian Tribe. The Cowlitz language, a branch of the Salish language family, faces the challenge of revitalization. Efforts are underway to document and teach the language to younger generations, ensuring its survival for years to come.
The cultural traditions of the Cowlitz people are rich and diverse, reflecting their deep connection to the land and its resources. Traditional ceremonies, such as those celebrating the smelt and salmon runs, underscore the importance of these resources to their way of life. River ceremonies further highlight the tribe’s spiritual connection to the waterways that have sustained them for centuries.
The Cowlitz Pow-Wow stands as a testament to the tribe’s vibrant culture and community spirit. As one of the largest pow-wows in Southern Washington, it draws participants and spectators from across the region, showcasing traditional dances, music, and regalia.
Art and Craftsmanship: Expressions of Tradition
The artistic traditions of the Cowlitz people are characterized by intricate craftsmanship and a deep understanding of natural materials. A prime example of their artistry is the production of fully imbricated coiled baskets. These baskets, adorned with strong geometric designs, were crafted from bear grass, cedar root, horsetail root, and cedar bark. Used for gathering berries and fruits, these baskets were not merely utilitarian objects but also cherished heirlooms, often repaired and passed down through generations.
Contemporary Life: Challenges and Opportunities
Today, the Cowlitz Indian Tribe faces both challenges and opportunities as they navigate the complexities of the modern world. With a registered population of over 2,000 members, the tribe is focused on improving the lives of its members through various programs and initiatives.
Economic development is a key priority for the tribe. They are actively involved in creating business ventures that generate revenue, create jobs, and support the tribe’s self-sufficiency. These ventures range from casinos and hotels to retail businesses and resource management projects.
The Cowlitz Indian Tribe is also committed to providing essential services to its members, including healthcare, education, and social services. They operate clinics and health programs that address the specific health needs of tribal members. Educational programs are designed to support students of all ages, from early childhood education to higher education.
Leadership: Honoring the Past, Shaping the Future
The Cowlitz people have been led by a succession of influential chiefs, each contributing to the tribe’s resilience and cultural preservation. Some notable figures include:
- Chief Scanewea
- Chief How-How (Circa 1815)
- Chief Kiscox (Circa 1850)
- Chief Umtux (Circa 1850)
- Chief Scanewa (Circa 1855)
- Chief Richard Scanewa (Circa 1860)
- Chief Antoine Stockum [Atwin Stokum] (1878)
These leaders navigated complex historical periods, representing their people and advocating for their rights. Their legacy continues to inspire contemporary leaders as they work to build a stronger future for the Cowlitz Indian Tribe.
Notable Figures: Celebrating Achievements
The Cowlitz Indian Tribe has produced individuals who have made significant contributions in various fields. One notable figure is Debra Iyall, the lead singer for the new wave band Romeo Void. Her success in the music industry serves as an inspiration to aspiring artists within the tribe.
The Cowlitz Indian Tribe: A Story of Resilience
The story of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe is a story of resilience, cultural preservation, and self-determination. Despite facing historical challenges, the tribe has persevered, maintaining its identity and working to build a brighter future for its members. Through their commitment to language revitalization, cultural preservation, economic development, and strong governance, the Cowlitz people continue to shape their destiny and contribute to the rich tapestry of Native American cultures in the Pacific Northwest.
Additional Resources
For those seeking to learn more about the Cowlitz Indian Tribe, the following resources are available:
- Official Website: http://www.cowlitz.org/
- Address: 1055 9th Avenue Suite B, Longview, WA 98632
- Phone: (360) 577-8140