A profound and enlightening work, "The Spirit of Indian Women," co-authored by Judith Fitzgerald and Michael Oren Fitzgerald, and recently published by World Wisdom Publishing, offers a unique and invaluable perspective on the lives, thoughts, hopes, and vital roles of American Indian women from diverse tribal nations across the United States. More than just a collection of stories, this book serves as a crucial corrective to the historical invisibility that has long shrouded the contributions of Indigenous women. Dr. Janine Pease, Rocky Mountain College’s Vice President for American Indian Affairs, eloquently captures the essence of the book in her introduction, describing it as a "gift of voice and image" that allows readers to traverse time and cultures, connecting with the "beautiful mothers, grandmothers, and matriarchs" who are the heart of Indigenous communities.
This meticulously compiled 156-page volume is a treasure trove of narratives and wisdom, passed down through generations via the rich oral tradition of storytelling and song. The book captures the essence of these traditions, ensuring their preservation and dissemination to a wider audience. One such example is the captivating story of Otter Woman of the Blackfeet Nation, a tale that recounts the origins of tobacco cultivation.
Otter Woman’s story weaves together the intricate relationship between humans and the natural world. It tells of a time when Indians cultivated abundant tobacco crops. The narrative intricately links this agricultural bounty to the practice of trapping beaver. The story unfolds with an Indian trapper experiencing a profound loss when his wife elopes with a beaver. His initial fear stems not only from the loss of his spouse but also from the potential loss of his livelihood, inextricably tied to the beaver.
However, the story takes an unexpected turn when a group of beavers, displaying an extraordinary level of understanding and compassion, return with the trapper’s wife. As a gesture of reconciliation and continued sustenance, they bestow upon him tobacco seeds, along with a sacred medicine bundle. Further, they impart knowledge regarding the proper methods of planting and cultivating the tobacco. This remarkable encounter highlights the interconnectedness of human existence, wildlife, and sustainable agriculture, embedding itself deeply in the listener’s memory. The tale serves as a powerful reminder of the reciprocal relationship that should exist between humanity and the environment.
The book is replete with such captivating narratives, each offering a glimpse into the multifaceted lives of Indian women and their profound connection to their culture and environment. Susan Bordeaux Bettyloun, a Lakota woman, shares the origin story of the sacred peace pipe, a central element in many Indigenous ceremonies and a symbol of unity and harmony. Buffalo Woman, of the Hidatsa tribe, elucidates the cultural significance of the beautifully crafted, broad beaded shawls awarded to women, highlighting the artistry and skill embedded in these cultural objects. Pretty Shield, an Absaroke woman, provides insights into traditional courtship rituals and the stringent rules against intermarriage within the same clan. This prohibition was designed to prevent the genetic weaknesses that could arise from such unions, demonstrating a deep understanding of lineage and the importance of maintaining the strength and vitality of the community.
The scope of "The Spirit of Indian Women" extends far beyond the Plains Indians, encompassing stories and songs from women across a diverse range of tribal nations throughout the United States. Voices from the Hopi, Mandan, Zuni, Navajo, Pawnee, and countless other tribes resonate within the pages of this book, creating a rich tapestry of Indigenous experiences. This diverse collection underscores the fact that while each tribe possesses its unique customs and traditions, there are also common threads of resilience, strength, and a deep connection to the land that unite Indigenous women across geographical boundaries.
Adding another layer of depth and richness to the book is a collection of photographs, many sourced from private collections and rarely seen by the public. These visual representations offer a tangible connection to the women whose stories are shared, allowing readers to see their faces, their clothing, and their surroundings. Many of these photographs have never been published before, making their inclusion in "The Spirit of Indian Women" a significant contribution to the visual record of Indigenous history.
Dr. Pease’s introduction poignantly highlights the historical neglect of Indian women in mainstream historical narratives. Despite their crucial roles in their respective societies, Indian women have been relegated to an "invisible, silent status," their contributions often overlooked or minimized. "American Indian women are virtually ignored by the historians," Dr. Pease writes, lamenting the disproportionate focus on men’s leadership, warrior exploits, and political achievements. This historical amnesia has perpetuated a skewed understanding of Indigenous societies and has denied generations of Indian women the recognition they deserve.
"The Spirit of Indian Women" directly confronts and actively corrects this historical imbalance. By amplifying the voices of Indian women and showcasing their stories, the book challenges the prevailing narratives that have marginalized and silenced them for far too long. The book offers a powerful and much-needed counter-narrative, one that acknowledges and celebrates the vital roles that women have played in shaping Indigenous cultures and communities. It provides a platform for Indian women to speak for themselves, to share their perspectives, and to reclaim their rightful place in history. The spirit of Indian women shines brightly throughout these pages.
This book, "The Spirit of Indian Women," is more than just a historical record; it is a testament to the enduring strength, resilience, and wisdom of American Indian women. It is a call to action, urging readers to reconsider their understanding of Indigenous history and to recognize the vital contributions of women in shaping that history. It is a gift to both Indian and non-Indian communities, fostering understanding, empathy, and a deeper appreciation for the richness and complexity of Indigenous cultures. This work on "The Spirit of Indian Women" should find a place in every school and library.