The history of the United States military is rich with stories of courage, sacrifice, and unwavering dedication. While often overshadowed by narratives focusing on male soldiers, the contributions of women have been integral to the success and evolution of the armed forces. Among these unsung heroes are the Native American women who, despite facing unique challenges and societal expectations, have answered the call to serve with distinction, bravery, and resilience. This article aims to shed light on the remarkable stories of these Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military, highlighting their diverse roles and enduring legacy.
From the battlefields of the American Revolution to the complex landscapes of modern conflicts, Native women have consistently demonstrated their commitment to defending the United States. Their service is not merely a contribution to national defense; it is also a testament to their enduring connection to their ancestral lands and their unwavering dedication to protecting their communities and way of life. This exploration delves into the lives and experiences of some of these extraordinary women, offering a glimpse into their courage, their sacrifices, and their lasting impact on the U.S. military.
Early Contributions: A Legacy of Valor
The history of Native American involvement in the U.S. military stretches back to the very founding of the nation. Even during the American Revolution (1775-1783), individual Native women demonstrated their support and bravery. One notable example is Tyonajanegen, a Native American woman married to an American Army officer. During a fierce battle, when her husband was wounded in the wrist, Tyonajanegen fearlessly rode alongside him on horseback, loading his gun and assisting him in the fight. Her actions exemplify the spirit of courage and resilience that has characterized Native women’s contributions to the military throughout history. This early example sets the stage for the continued, albeit often unrecognized, involvement of Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military.
While formal military roles for women were limited in the early years of the United States, the actions of women like Tyonajanegen highlight the inherent strength and dedication within Native communities. Their willingness to support their loved ones and defend their beliefs laid the foundation for future generations of Native women who would break barriers and serve their country with honor.
World War II: A Turning Point
World War II marked a significant turning point for women in the U.S. military. As the nation mobilized for war, opportunities for women to serve expanded, and nearly 800 Native American women answered the call to duty. These women took on a variety of roles, contributing to the war effort both at home and abroad.
Elva (Topeda) Wale, a member of the Kiowa tribe, left her reservation to serve in the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). Her decision to enlist reflects the widespread desire among Native communities to support the war effort and contribute to the defense of the nation. Similarly, Beatrice (Coffey) Taylor served in the Army of Occupation in Germany, where she was assigned to kitchen patrol (KP) duties, working alongside German prisoners of war. While KP might seem like a mundane task, it was a crucial part of maintaining the infrastructure and logistics necessary for the Allied forces to operate effectively.
Alida (Whipple) Fletcher served as a medical specialist during WWII. One fateful night, she was on duty when two ships loaded with explosives collided, resulting in the deaths of 400 sailors and countless injuries. Alida described that night as the most tragic moment of her life, underscoring the emotional toll that war takes on those who serve, regardless of their gender or background. These women, along with hundreds of others, proved their capabilities and demonstrated their commitment to serving their country during a time of global crisis. The contributions of these Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military during World War II helped pave the way for greater opportunities for women in the armed forces.
Korean War: Breaking Barriers
The Korean War saw continued involvement from Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military. Private Minnie Spotted Wolf, a member of the Blackfeet Nation from Heart Butte, Montana, made history as the first Native American woman to enlist in the Marine Corps in 1943. Having grown up working on her father’s ranch, she possessed a level of physical strength and resilience that impressed her superiors. When asked about Marine boot camp, she famously commented that it was "hard, but not too hard," highlighting her unwavering determination and her ability to overcome challenges.
Ola Mildred Rexroat, from the Pine Ridge Reservation, joined the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) after high school. The WASP program was created to address the shortage of pilots during the war, and these women flew non-combat missions, freeing up male pilots for combat duty. Rexroat, affectionately known as "Rexy," towed targets for aerial gunnery students, a highly dangerous assignment that required skill, precision, and nerves of steel. She was proud to contribute to the war effort and later joined the Air Force, serving for an additional 10 years. Her dedication to aviation and her unwavering commitment to serving her country made her a true trailblazer.
Vietnam War: A Desire to Serve
The Vietnam War was a divisive and challenging time for the United States, but it did not deter Native women from wanting to serve. Pearl Ross, an Arikara woman from Fort Berthold, joined the Air Force in 1953 and trained as a medical specialist. After serving at Air Force hospitals in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska, she witnessed the devastating effects of the war on wounded soldiers returning from Vietnam. Driven by a deep sense of compassion and a desire to help, she volunteered to go to Vietnam, but the Air Force was hesitant to send women to serve in combat zones at that time. While she was unable to serve in Vietnam, her willingness to put herself in harm’s way underscores the dedication and selflessness of Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military.
Modern Era: Continuing the Legacy
In 1976, women were finally allowed to join the Eskimo Scouts, also known as the Alaska Territorial Guard (ATG). This elite group of servicemembers patrolled the vast and unforgiving Alaskan coastline and tundra, covering over 5,000 miles of coastline and 200,000 miles of tundra. Their primary mission was to rescue downed U.S. airmen and defend Alaska from potential threats. Since 1976, at least 27 Alaskan women have served in the ATG, demonstrating their adaptability, resilience, and deep knowledge of the Alaskan landscape.
The Native American Women Warriors, an all-female color guard, emerged as a powerful symbol of Native women’s contributions to the military. During the 2010 Denver March Powwow, three female soldiers representing the Crow, Northern Cheyenne, and Navajo nations proudly wore jingle dresses adorned with service back patches and the colors of red, white, and blue. They were honored by being asked to stand at the end of the line, representing all women who have served. Since then, the Native American Women Warriors have presented colors at major events, including the inaugural parade of President Barack Obama. Their mission is to raise awareness of the fact that "not all warriors are men, but today – women are also warriors."
A Tragic Loss: Specialist Lori Ann Piestewa
The Iraq War brought both challenges and opportunities for women in the military. Sadly, it also brought tragedy. Specialist Lori Ann Piestewa, a member of the Hopi Tribe, became the first Native American woman in history to die in combat and the first woman to die in combat during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Her sacrifice served as a stark reminder of the risks faced by all servicemembers, regardless of their background or gender. In recognition of her bravery and sacrifice, Arizona’s Piestewa Peak was renamed in her honor. Her legacy continues to inspire future generations of Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military.
Conclusion: Honoring Their Service
The stories of Native Women Who Served in the U.S. Military are a testament to their courage, resilience, and unwavering dedication to serving their country. Despite facing unique challenges and societal expectations, they have consistently answered the call to duty, contributing to the defense of the United States in diverse and meaningful ways. From the battlefields of the American Revolution to the deserts of Iraq, their service has been marked by bravery, sacrifice, and a deep commitment to protecting their communities and way of life. As we reflect on the history of the U.S. military, it is essential to recognize and honor the contributions of these extraordinary women, ensuring that their stories are never forgotten. Their legacy will continue to inspire future generations of Native women to serve with pride and distinction.
