How to respect Navajo sacred lands

Honoring the Earth, Respecting the Diné: A Guide to Mindful Engagement with Navajo Sacred Lands

For the Diné, the Navajo people, the land is not merely territory or resource; it is a living relative, imbued with spirit, history, and the very essence of their identity. Diné Bikéyah, or Navajo Land, is a sacred expanse stretching across parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, encompassing breathtaking landscapes that are profoundly intertwined with creation stories, ceremonies, and daily life. As visitors, our engagement with these lands demands a profound level of respect that extends far beyond typical "leave no trace" principles. It requires understanding, humility, and a commitment to honoring the Diné worldview.

This guide delves into the crucial ways visitors can ensure their presence on Navajo lands is one of reverence, reciprocity, and genuine appreciation, moving directly into actionable steps and the foundational philosophy that underpins them.

Understanding the Diné Relationship with Land: Hózhó and K’é

To truly respect Navajo sacred lands, one must first grasp the Diné philosophy of Hózhó (hoh-zhoh). Hózhó represents balance, harmony, and beauty – a state of being where all elements of existence, including humans, nature, and the spiritual world, are in equilibrium. The land is central to Hózhó; it is not separate from humanity but an integral part of one interconnected whole. Every mountain, canyon, river, and plant holds spiritual significance and contributes to this cosmic balance.

Furthermore, the concept of K’é (keh) – kinship and responsibility – dictates how the Diné relate to each other and to the land. The land is often referred to as ‘Nahasdzáán Shimá’ (Mother Earth) and the sky as ‘Yádiłhił Shitaa’ (Father Sky). This familial relationship means the land is cared for, protected, and respected as one would a beloved elder or parent. Disrespecting the land is akin to disrespecting one’s family, disrupting Hózhó, and ultimately harming oneself and the community.

This deep spiritual and familial connection transforms every interaction with Diné Bikéyah from a casual visit into a potential act of cultural engagement.

1. Prioritize Education and Preparation

Before embarking on any journey to Navajo lands, dedicate time to thorough research. Understand the basics of Diné culture, history, and contemporary issues. The official Navajo Nation Parks & Recreation website (navajonationparks.org) is an invaluable resource for information on permits, regulations, and approved activities.

Know Where You Are: The Navajo Nation is the largest Native American reservation in the United States, covering over 27,000 square miles. It operates as a sovereign nation with its own government, laws, and regulations. Familiarize yourself with these.
Cultural Sensitivity: Learn about appropriate dress (modest clothing is generally preferred, especially when visiting communities or attending events), common greetings (e.g., "Ya’at’eeh" for hello), and general etiquette. Avoid making assumptions based on stereotypes.
Respect Tribal Sovereignty: Understand that the Navajo Nation has the right to govern its lands and people. Your visit is a privilege, not a right.

2. Always Seek Permission and Obtain Proper Permits

This is perhaps the most critical rule. Unlike national parks or federal lands, much of the Navajo Nation is private, communal, or sacred trust land. Access to many areas, even those that appear publicly accessible, requires explicit permission and often a permit.

Permits are Non-Negotiable: For hiking, camping, photography, or even driving through certain areas, you must obtain the necessary permits from the Navajo Nation Parks & Recreation Department or the specific tribal chapter responsible for that area. Permits are not just bureaucratic hurdles; they are acknowledgments of sovereignty and a direct way to support the local community and its stewardship efforts.
Guided Tours: For many sacred and culturally sensitive sites, it is mandatory to hire a certified Diné guide. For instance, visiting Canyon de Chelly National Monument requires a Diné guide to enter the canyon floor. These guides offer invaluable insights into the land’s history, spirituality, and ecology from an indigenous perspective, enriching your experience immensely while ensuring sacred sites are respected. They know which areas are off-limits and why.
Private Residences: Never trespass on private property. What might appear to be open land could be someone’s home or grazing area. If in doubt, ask.

3. Photography: A Sacred Boundary

Photography on Navajo lands is a complex issue requiring extreme sensitivity and respect. It is never a given right.

Always Ask Permission: Before taking any photograph, especially of people, dwellings (like hogans), animals, or ceremonies, you must ask for explicit permission. A simple "no" must be respected without question or complaint. Even if permission is granted, a monetary exchange is often appropriate and appreciated, acknowledging the time and generosity of the person.
Respect Sacred Sites: Many sites, particularly those used for ceremonies or ancestral burials, are strictly off-limits to photography, regardless of permits. Your guide will inform you of these areas. The lens, in certain contexts, can be seen as an intrusion, potentially capturing or "stealing" the spirit of a place or person.
Avoid Candid Shots: Do not photograph children, elders, or people engaged in daily activities without their explicit consent.
Be Mindful of Context: Even if you have permission to photograph a landscape, consider the broader context. Are there sacred structures, prayer offerings, or sensitive areas within your frame?

4. Practice Advanced "Leave No Trace" Principles

While "Leave No Trace" is a universal outdoor ethic, on Navajo lands, it carries deeper implications.

Pack It In, Pack It Out: This includes all trash, food scraps, and human waste. Leave nothing behind.
Stay on Marked Paths: Wandering off trails can disturb fragile ecosystems, historical sites, or even prayer offerings.
Do Not Disturb Cultural or Natural Features: Do not touch, move, or collect artifacts, pottery shards, rocks, plants, or anything else. These are not souvenirs; they are part of the land’s story and spirit. Moving a single rock from an ancient structure can destroy archaeological context.
Respect Water Sources: Water is precious in the desert and holds immense spiritual significance. Do not contaminate springs or rivers. Conserve water diligently.
Camp and Build Fires Responsibly: Only camp in designated areas with proper permits. Observe all fire restrictions. When permitted, ensure fires are completely extinguished.
Respect Wildlife: Observe animals from a distance. Do not feed them or disturb their natural behaviors.

5. Engage Respectfully with Diné Culture and Communities

Your visit is an opportunity for cultural exchange, not just sightseeing.

Dress Modestly: Especially when visiting communities, attending public events, or sacred sites.
Be Patient and Listen: Diné culture values respectful communication. Silence can be a form of respect. Avoid interrupting or rushing conversations.
Support Local Economies: Purchase authentic Diné arts and crafts directly from artists or tribal enterprises. This directly supports the community and helps preserve traditional skills. Be wary of exploitative practices or inauthentic imitations.
Respect Ceremonies: If you are fortunate enough to witness a ceremony or public event, maintain a respectful distance, refrain from photography unless explicitly invited, and follow any instructions given by organizers.
Observe Silence: Certain areas, particularly those with spiritual significance, may call for quiet contemplation. Respect this.

6. The Four Sacred Mountains: Pillars of Diné Identity

The Diné universe is traditionally bounded by four sacred mountains, each representing a cardinal direction and imbued with profound spiritual meaning:

Sisjinii (Blanca Peak) to the East
Tsoodził (Mount Taylor) to the South
Dookʼoʼoosłííd (San Francisco Peaks) to the West
Dibé Ntsaa (Hesperus Mountain) to the North

These mountains are living entities, often prayed to and seen as protectors of Diné Bikéyah. Understanding their significance helps frame the entire landscape as a sacred trust. When viewing these peaks, do so with reverence, acknowledging their role in Diné cosmology and their ongoing spiritual importance to the people.

Conclusion: Walking in Beauty (Hózhó Nahasdlii)

Visiting Navajo sacred lands is an extraordinary privilege. It offers an opportunity to connect with an ancient culture, witness breathtaking beauty, and gain a deeper understanding of the profound relationship between humanity and the earth. By committing to education, seeking permission, practicing advanced Leave No Trace principles, and engaging with deep cultural sensitivity, visitors can ensure their presence contributes positively to Hózhó.

The Diné often say, "Hózhó Nahasdlii," which translates to "May beauty be restored" or "Walking in beauty." By approaching Diné Bikéyah with respect, humility, and an open heart, we too can walk in beauty, honoring the land, its people, and the enduring spirit of the Navajo Nation. Your respectful journey is not just a personal experience; it is an act of solidarity, recognizing and upholding the sovereignty and sacred stewardship of the Diné.