The Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada, a vibrant and historically significant band of the Western Shoshone Indians, maintains a strong presence in White Pine County, Nevada. Their story is one of resilience, adaptation, and a deep connection to the land. This article delves into the history, culture, governance, and contemporary life of the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada.
Geographical Location and Land Holdings
The tribal lands of the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada are located on the southwest and southeast sides of the city of Ely, Nevada. Uniquely, these lands are not contiguous, but rather comprise three distinct parcels. This arrangement reflects the tribe’s history of land acquisition and efforts to accommodate the needs of its growing population.
The first parcel, a ten-acre plot referred to as "the Canyon," was acquired through the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. While intended to provide land for housing and community development, the steep terrain rendered much of it unusable, leaving only approximately two acres suitable for construction.
In 1973, the tribe secured a lease for eleven acres within "the Terrace" subdivision in Ely. Recognizing the potential for long-term development, the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada purchased this land outright in 1992. Today, this parcel is a hub of tribal activity, housing residential homes, administrative offices, a gymnasium, and a small park, providing essential services and recreational opportunities for tribal members.
Further expanding their land base, the tribe received an additional 90 acres on the southern edge of Ely in 1977. This area has been significantly developed, with thirty-eight homes constructed in 1985, followed by five more in 1996, addressing the housing needs of a growing community.
Recognizing the limitations of their existing land holdings and anticipating future population growth, the tribe has actively pursued opportunities to expand their land base. In December 2006, the White Pine County Public Lands bill transferred 3,526 acres of public lands near Ely into a trust account for the tribe. This significant acquisition is intended to support traditional, ceremonial, commercial, and recreational purposes, ensuring the long-term sustainability and cultural preservation of the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada.
The total land area under the control of the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada is approximately 104.99 acres (0.4249 square kilometers), including 0.37 acres of federal land and the 11-acre trust lease in White Pine County. The tribal headquarters are located in Ely, Nevada.
Tribal Identity and Governance
The traditional name for the Shoshone people is Newe, meaning "the people." This name reflects the deep sense of community and shared identity that has sustained the tribe through generations. The Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada is a federally recognized tribe, possessing a government-to-government relationship with the United States.
The tribe operates under a constitution and bylaws that were originally approved on April 8, 1966, and was organized under the Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934. This framework provides the structure for tribal governance and ensures the protection of tribal rights and sovereignty. Further details regarding the governing body, council members, constitutional amendments, and executive officers are available through direct contact with the tribe.
The Eastern Nevada Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), located in Elko, Nevada, provides support and oversight to the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada, facilitating communication and collaboration between the tribe and the federal government.
Demographics and Enrollment
The Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada has approximately 500 enrolled members. Tribal enrollment requirements are detailed and specific, ensuring the integrity of tribal membership. The Enrollment Committee holds meetings on the first Monday of each month to review applications and address enrollment-related matters. Alfreda Walker serves as the Enrollment Clerk, and can be contacted for further information.
Language and Cultural Preservation
The Shoshone language is classified within the Northern Uto-Aztecan language family, specifically belonging to the Numic branch and the Central Numic subgroup. It is a dialect chain, with regional variations including Western, Gosiute, Northern, and Eastern Shoshone.
Recognizing the importance of preserving their linguistic heritage, the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada offers language classes to its members, along with instruction in traditional games and skills. A language preservation program is taught twice a week, fostering fluency and cultural understanding among tribal members.
Economic Activities and Community Development
The Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada has diversified its economic activities to support its members and promote community development. In addition to residential and administrative infrastructure, the tribe operates a smoke shop and a textile business known as Shoshone Cloth Industries. In 2003, the tribe constructed a new truck stop on Highway 93, a significant economic venture that provides employment opportunities and generates revenue for the tribe.
The tribe is committed to the educational advancement of its members, offering higher education scholarships for four-year colleges and adult vocational training programs. This investment in education reflects the tribe’s belief in empowering its members and fostering self-sufficiency.
Cultural Traditions and Events
The Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada actively maintains its cultural traditions through various events and activities. The annual Fandango, held on the fourth weekend in July, is a significant gathering where members come together to share stories, sing traditional songs, and participate in traditional dances and games. This event serves as a vital link to the past and a celebration of Shoshone identity.
The tribe’s connection to the Western Shoshone confederacy and traditional allies like the Paiutes underscores a history of collaboration and shared cultural practices.
Historical Context
Understanding the Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada requires recognizing their historical context within the broader Western Shoshone people. Further research into Shoshone history, traditions, and interactions with the United States government provides a deeper appreciation for the challenges and triumphs of the tribe.
Conclusion
The Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada is a resilient and thriving community, deeply rooted in its cultural heritage and committed to its future. Through strategic land acquisition, economic development, and cultural preservation efforts, the tribe is working to ensure the well-being and prosperity of its members for generations to come. The ongoing dedication to language preservation, education, and community gatherings demonstrates a strong commitment to maintaining a vibrant cultural identity in the face of contemporary challenges. Their story is a testament to the enduring strength and adaptability of the Shoshone people.