The Hopi Reservation, nestled in the heart of northeastern Arizona, is a land steeped in ancient traditions, breathtaking landscapes, and a vibrant culture that has endured for centuries. The Hopi people, meaning "peaceful people," have resided in this region for over a thousand years, maintaining a deep connection to the land and their ancestral ways. Their villages, perched atop three prominent mesas, offer a unique glimpse into a living culture that seamlessly blends the past with the present. This article serves as a visitor’s guide to exploring the three mesas of the Hopi Reservation, providing insights into the unique character of each mesa, offering practical travel tips, and emphasizing the essential etiquette to ensure a respectful and enriching experience. Discover the beauty of the Visiting the Three Mesas of the Hopi Reservation.
The Three Mesas: A Geographical and Cultural Division
The Hopi villages are strategically located on three mesas – First Mesa, Second Mesa, and Third Mesa – each possessing its distinct character and history. These mesas, rising dramatically from the surrounding desert landscape, have served as natural fortresses and spiritual sanctuaries for the Hopi people.
- First Mesa (East Mesa): The easternmost of the three mesas, First Mesa is home to the villages of Polacca, Hanoki (also known as Hano or Tewa), Sitsomovi (Sichomovi), and Waalpi (Walpi).
- Second Mesa (Middle Mesa): Situated between First and Third Mesas, Second Mesa encompasses the villages of Musungnuvi (Mishongnovi), Supawlavi (Shipaulovi), and Songoopavi (Shongopavi).
- Third Mesa (West Mesa): The westernmost and largest of the three mesas, Third Mesa includes the villages of Orayvi (Oraibi), Kiqotsmovi (Kykotsmovi), Hoatvela (Hotevilla), and Paaqavi (Bacavi). The satellite village of Munqapi (Moencopi) is located 40 miles northwest of Third Mesa, near Tuba City.
Exploring First Mesa: A Tapestry of History and Craftsmanship
First Mesa, easily accessible and bustling with activity, offers a fascinating introduction to Hopi culture. The village of Polacca, located at the foot of the mesa, serves as a gateway to the other villages perched atop.
- Polacca: A modern community with essential services, Polacca offers a convenient base for exploring First Mesa. It’s a good place to stock up on supplies and gather information before venturing up the mesa.
- Hanoki (Hano or Tewa): Originally settled by Tanoan-speaking people from the Rio Grande region of New Mexico following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Hanoki retains a unique cultural identity. The village is known for its vibrant dances and distinctive pottery styles.
- Sitsomovi (Sichomovi): Founded around 1750, Sitsomovi is a smaller village adjacent to Hanoki. It offers a more intimate glimpse into Hopi village life.
- Waalpi (Walpi): Perched precariously on the edge of First Mesa, Walpi is a marvel of traditional Hopi architecture. Established in 1690, this village offers breathtaking views and a palpable sense of history. The village is often accessible only by guided tours, preserving its unique character.
First Mesa is particularly renowned for its exquisite hand-coiled, white pottery. The intricate designs and delicate craftsmanship of these pieces reflect the deep connection between the Hopi people and their environment. Visitors can often purchase pottery directly from the artists in their homes or workshops. Experiencing the wonder of Visiting the Three Mesas of the Hopi Reservation is a must.
Discovering Second Mesa: A Legacy of Silversmiths and Tradition
Second Mesa, characterized by its more remote and tranquil atmosphere, offers a deeper immersion into Hopi tradition. The villages are spread across the mesa top, each with its own distinct character.
- Musungnuvi (Mishongnovi): Located on the eastern edge of Second Mesa, Musungnuvi is one of the oldest Hopi villages. Its traditional architecture and preserved cultural practices provide a valuable glimpse into the past.
- Supawlavi (Shipaulovi): Situated on the western edge of Second Mesa, Supawlavi offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The village is known for its skilled artisans and its commitment to preserving traditional Hopi ways.
- Songoopavi (Shongopovi): Believed to be the first of all Hopi villages, Songoopavi holds a significant place in Hopi history. Originally located at the base of the mesa, the village moved to its present location after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
Second Mesa is famous for its exceptional silversmiths and coiled plaques. The intricate silverwork, often incorporating traditional Hopi symbols and designs, is highly sought after by collectors. The coiled plaques, woven from native grasses and adorned with vibrant colors, are another testament to the artistry and skill of the Hopi people.
Exploring Third Mesa: The Heart of Hopi Government and History
Third Mesa, the largest and westernmost of the three mesas, is home to some of the most historically significant Hopi villages.
- Orayvi (Oraibi): Reputed to be the oldest continuously inhabited village in North America, Orayvi stands as a testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of the Hopi people. Its ancient architecture and rich history offer a profound connection to the past.
- Kiqotsmovi (Kykotsmovi): Serving as the seat of the Hopi Tribal Government, Kiqotsmovi is a modern community with essential services and administrative offices.
- Hoatvela (Hotevilla): Founded in the early 20th century by residents of Orayvi who wished to maintain traditional Hopi ways, Hoatvela is a stronghold of Hopi culture and language.
- Paaqavi (Bacavi): Another village founded by residents of Orayvi, Paaqavi shares a similar commitment to preserving Hopi traditions.
- Munqapi (Moencopi): Located near Tuba City, Munqapi is considered a satellite of Orayvi. Its fertile farmlands and abundant water sources make it an important agricultural center for the Hopi people.
Essential Etiquette for Visiting Hopi Villages
Visiting the Hopi Reservation is a privilege that requires respect and sensitivity. The Hopi people have a deep connection to their land and culture, and it is essential to be mindful of their customs and traditions.
- Respect Privacy: Avoid looking into windows or entering homes without an invitation. Remember that you are a guest on private land.
- No Recording: Photography, videography, and audio recording are strictly prohibited without prior consent from the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office.
- Appropriate Attire: Dress modestly and respectfully. Long pants or skirts are preferred over shorts or short skirts.
- Do Not Interrupt Ceremonies: Be aware that some ceremonies are not open to the public. If you are invited to attend a ceremony, remain quiet and inconspicuous. Stay on the periphery of dances or processions.
- Do Not Touch: Avoid touching shrines or objects that may have cultural significance.
- Ask Permission: If you are unsure about something, ask permission from a local resident or shop owner.
Practical Travel Information
- Lodging: There are two motels on the Hopi Reservation: the Keams Canyon Motel near Keams Canyon and the Hopi Cultural Center Motel on Second Mesa. Reservations are strongly recommended, especially during the summer months. Other accommodations can be found in Tuba City, Winslow, and Flagstaff.
- Dining: There are several dining facilities on the Hopi Reservation, including cafes in Keams Canyon and at the Second Mesa Store. The Hopi Cultural Center also has a restaurant serving American and traditional Hopi food.
- Gas Stations: Gas stations are located in Keams Canyon, Polacca, near the junction of Highways 264 and 87, in Kykotsmovi, and at the Hoatvela Co-Op Store.
- Gift Shops: Arts and crafts can be purchased throughout the Hopi Reservation, either directly from villagers’ homes or in galleries.
- What to Bring: Bring plenty of water, a hat, sunscreen, and comfortable walking shoes. Dress warmly in the winter months.
Visiting the Three Mesas of the Hopi Reservation is an unforgettable experience that offers a unique glimpse into a living culture that has endured for centuries. By respecting Hopi customs and traditions, visitors can ensure a rewarding and enriching experience for themselves and for the Hopi people. Planning a trip to experience the Visiting the Three Mesas of the Hopi Reservation is worth it.