The Robinson Rancheria, a vibrant and historically significant community, is primarily home to the Pomo people. However, its rich tapestry also includes members of Athabascan or Dene lineage, as well as Algonquin representation through the Wappo, Wiyot, Yuki, and Yurok peoples. This diverse group resides in a specific area of Lake County, California, nestled on the northwestern edge of the expansive Clear Lake, a prominent feature of Northern California’s landscape.
A Recognized Sovereign Nation
Officially recognized as the Robinson Rancheria, this tribal entity operates as a sovereign nation with a defined structure and governance. Communication with the Robinson Rancheria can be initiated through the following channels:
- Address: P.O. Box 4015, Nice, CA 95464
- Phone: 707.275.0527
- Fax: 707.275.0235
- Email: tavilia@robinsonrancheria.org
- Website: www.robinsonrancheria.org
The Robinson Rancheria holds the distinction of being a Federally Recognized tribe, a status that acknowledges its sovereignty and government-to-government relationship with the United States.
Name and Identity
While "Robinson Rancheria" is the commonly used name, it has been historically known as the Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, California, and the Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California. These alternate names reflect the tribe’s Pomo heritage and its connection to the land.
Geographic Context and Territory
The Robinson Rancheria is firmly rooted in the California cultural region. Within California, the tribe’s traditional territory encompasses areas surrounding Clear Lake.
Land Base and Historical Context
The Robinson Rancheria possesses a designated reservation, known as Robinson Rancheria and Off-Reservation Trust Land. The most substantial portion of the land base encompasses approximately 107 acres. This land is strategically located adjacent to State Highway 20, positioned between the communities of Upper Lake and Nice.
The acquisition of this land is tied to a unique historical circumstance. In 1981, the property was purchased following a settlement agreement between members of the Robinson Rancheria and the United States government. This agreement stemmed from the landmark court case, Mabel Duncan, et.al. v. United States of America (667 F. 2nd 36 (Ct. Cl. 1981)), which addressed the U.S. government’s illegal termination of the tribe’s reservation status in 1956. The court ruling paved the way for the reinstatement of federal recognition in the 1960s, a crucial step in restoring the tribe’s sovereignty and land rights.
Demographics and Enrollment
While historical population figures at the time of European contact are not explicitly stated in this document, the registered population of the Robinson Rancheria today is approximately 477 members.
Governance and Political Structure
The Robinson Rancheria established its tribal government in 1978, formalizing its structure with the adoption of a Tribal Constitution in 1980.
The governing body consists of three members-at-large, alongside executive officers. The executive officers include the Tribal Chairman, Vice-Chair, and Secretary-Treasurer, who are responsible for the day-to-day administration and leadership of the tribe.
Cultural Heritage and Language
The Robinson Rancheria’s cultural heritage faced significant challenges during the mid-20th century. The termination process in 1956 led to the relocation of ninety percent of tribal members to urban areas. This forced assimilation resulted in the suppression of cultural traditions and language, creating a generational gap in the transmission of heritage. As a consequence, the tribe experienced a near loss of its traditions, culture, and language.
Historical Overview
The history of the Robinson Rancheria is intertwined with the broader history of Native American tribes in California, marked by periods of displacement, assimilation policies, and resilience.
Traditional Life and Customs
Historically, the Pomo people, who form the core of the Robinson Rancheria, lived in brush-covered wikiups, traditional dwellings adapted to the local environment.
Subsistence was based on a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Acorns served as a staple food, supplemented by hunting small game and harvesting roots and berries.
Modern Economy and Development
Today, the Robinson Rancheria has developed a diversified economy. The tribe owns and operates a resort and casino, an RV park and marina, a recycling plant, and a smoke shop. These enterprises provide employment opportunities for tribal members and contribute to the tribe’s economic self-sufficiency. A significant portion of the tribal members are employed in either the tribal government or its various enterprises.
Housing and Infrastructure
In 1985, a significant step was taken to improve housing conditions on the rancheria. Forty-one housing units were constructed on land acquired through the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). This initiative has allowed a large number of tribal members to reside on the rancheria, strengthening community bonds and cultural preservation efforts.
The Bloody Island Massacre
The history of the Pomo people and the Robinson Rancheria is deeply affected by the Bloody Island Massacre. This tragic event stands as a stark reminder of the violence and injustice inflicted upon Native American communities in California.
Looking Forward
The Robinson Rancheria continues to work towards cultural revitalization, economic development, and the well-being of its members. By preserving its heritage, promoting self-governance, and fostering economic opportunities, the tribe is building a strong and sustainable future for generations to come. The Robinson Rancheria is actively engaged in programs to revitalize their language and culture.
The Robinson Rancheria is a testament to the enduring spirit and resilience of Native American communities. Despite historical challenges, the tribe has persevered, maintaining its identity, culture, and commitment to self-determination.